GCC Middle and Back End API Reference
cfgexpand.c File Reference
#include "insn-attr.h"
#include "asan.h"
Include dependency graph for cfgexpand.c:

Data Structures

struct  stack_var
struct  stack_vars_data

Enumerations

enum  { SPCT_FLAG_DEFAULT = 1, SPCT_FLAG_ALL = 2, SPCT_FLAG_STRONG = 3 }

Functions

static rtx expand_debug_expr (tree)
tree gimple_assign_rhs_to_tree ()
static void set_rtl ()
static unsigned int align_local_variable ()
static HOST_WIDE_INT alloc_stack_frame_space ()
static void add_stack_var ()
static void add_stack_var_conflict ()
static bool stack_var_conflict_p ()
static bool visit_op ()
static bool visit_conflict ()
static void add_scope_conflicts_1 ()
static void add_scope_conflicts ()
static int stack_var_cmp ()
static void add_partitioned_vars_to_ptset (struct pt_solution *pt, struct pointer_map_t *decls_to_partitions, struct pointer_set_t *visited, bitmap temp)
static void update_alias_info_with_stack_vars ()
static void union_stack_vars ()
static void partition_stack_vars ()
static void dump_stack_var_partition ()
static void expand_one_stack_var_at (tree decl, rtx base, unsigned base_align, HOST_WIDE_INT offset)
static void expand_stack_vars (bool(*pred)(size_t), struct stack_vars_data *data)
static HOST_WIDE_INT account_stack_vars ()
static void expand_one_stack_var ()
static void expand_one_hard_reg_var ()
static void expand_one_register_var ()
static void expand_one_error_var ()
static bool defer_stack_allocation ()
static HOST_WIDE_INT expand_one_var ()
static void expand_used_vars_for_block ()
static void clear_tree_used ()
static unsigned int stack_protect_classify_type ()
static int stack_protect_decl_phase ()
static bool stack_protect_decl_phase_1 ()
static bool stack_protect_decl_phase_2 ()
static bool asan_decl_phase_3 ()
static void add_stack_protection_conflicts ()
static void create_stack_guard ()
static void init_vars_expansion ()
static void fini_vars_expansion ()
HOST_WIDE_INT estimated_stack_frame_size ()
static int record_or_union_type_has_array_p ()
static rtx expand_used_vars ()
static void maybe_dump_rtl_for_gimple_stmt ()
static rtx label_rtx_for_bb ()
static void maybe_cleanup_end_of_block ()
static basic_block expand_gimple_cond ()
static void mark_transaction_restart_calls ()
static void expand_call_stmt ()
static void expand_gimple_stmt_1 ()
static rtx expand_gimple_stmt ()
static basic_block expand_gimple_tailcall ()
static rtx floor_sdiv_adjust ()
static rtx ceil_sdiv_adjust ()
static rtx ceil_udiv_adjust ()
static rtx round_sdiv_adjust ()
static rtx round_udiv_adjust ()
static rtx convert_debug_memory_address (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x, addr_space_t as)
static rtx expand_debug_parm_decl ()
static rtx expand_debug_expr ()
static rtx expand_debug_source_expr ()
static void avoid_complex_debug_insns ()
static void expand_debug_locations ()
static basic_block expand_gimple_basic_block ()
static basic_block construct_init_block ()
static void set_block_levels ()
static void construct_exit_block ()
static tree discover_nonconstant_array_refs_r (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data)
static void discover_nonconstant_array_refs ()
static void expand_stack_alignment ()
static unsigned int gimple_expand_cfg ()
rtl_opt_passmake_pass_expand ()

Variables

struct ssaexpand SA
gimple currently_expanding_gimple_stmt
static struct stack_varstack_vars
static size_t stack_vars_alloc
static size_t stack_vars_num
static struct pointer_map_tdecl_to_stack_part
static bitmap_obstack stack_var_bitmap_obstack
static size_t * stack_vars_sorted
static int frame_phase
static bool has_protected_decls
static bool has_short_buffer
static struct pointer_map_tlab_rtx_for_bb

Enumeration Type Documentation

anonymous enum
Enumerator:
SPCT_FLAG_DEFAULT 
SPCT_FLAG_ALL 
SPCT_FLAG_STRONG 

Function Documentation

static HOST_WIDE_INT account_stack_vars ( )
static
   Take into account all sizes of partitions and reset DECL_RTLs.  
         Skip variables that aren't partition representatives, for now.  
static void add_partitioned_vars_to_ptset ( struct pt_solution pt,
struct pointer_map_t decls_to_partitions,
struct pointer_set_t visited,
bitmap  temp 
)
static
   If the points-to solution *PI points to variables that are in a partition
   together with other variables add all partition members to the pointed-to
   variables bitmap.  
         The pointed-to vars bitmap is shared, it is enough to
         visit it once.  
     By using a temporary bitmap to store all members of the partitions
     we have to add we make sure to visit each of the partitions only
     once.  

References cfun, gimple_df::decls_to_pointers, function::gimple_df, and pointer_map_create().

Referenced by update_alias_info_with_stack_vars().

static void add_scope_conflicts ( )
static
   Generate stack partition conflicts between all partitions that are
   simultaneously live.  
     We approximate the live range of a stack variable by taking the first
     mention of its name as starting point(s), and by the end-of-scope
     death clobber added by gimplify as ending point(s) of the range.
     This overapproximates in the case we for instance moved an address-taken
     operation upward, without also moving a dereference to it upwards.
     But it's conservatively correct as a variable never can hold values
     before its name is mentioned at least once.

     We then do a mostly classical bitmap liveness algorithm.  

References stack_var::alignb, stack_var::decl, HOST_WIDE_INT, and stack_var::size.

static void add_scope_conflicts_1 ( )
static
   Helper routine for add_scope_conflicts, calculating the active partitions
   at the end of BB, leaving the result in WORK.  We're called to generate
   conflicts when FOR_CONFLICT is true, otherwise we're just tracking
   liveness.  
             Nested function lowering might introduce LHSs
             that are COMPONENT_REFs.  
                 If this is the first real instruction in this BB we need
                 to add conflicts for everything live at this point now.
                 Unlike classical liveness for named objects we can't
                 rely on seeing a def/use of the names we're interested in.
                 There might merely be indirect loads/stores.  We'd not add any
                 conflicts for such partitions.  

References bitmap_ior_into(), stack_var::conflicts, and visit_conflict().

static void add_stack_protection_conflicts ( )
static
   Ensure that variables in different stack protection phases conflict
   so that they are not merged and share the same stack slot.  
static void add_stack_var ( )
static
   Accumulate DECL into STACK_VARS.  
     Ensure that all variables have size, so that &a != &b for any two
     variables that are simultaneously live.  
     An alignment of zero can mightily confuse us later.  
     All variables are initially in their own partition.  
     All variables initially conflict with no other.  
     Ensure that this decl doesn't get put onto the list twice.  
static void add_stack_var_conflict ( )
static
   Make the decls associated with luid's X and Y conflict.  

References bitmap_set_bit(), get_base_address(), pc_rtx, and pointer_map_contains().

Referenced by stack_protect_classify_type().

static unsigned int align_local_variable ( )
static
   Compute the byte alignment to use for DECL.  Ignore alignment
   we can't do with expected alignment of the stack boundary.  

References frame_phase.

static HOST_WIDE_INT alloc_stack_frame_space ( )
static
   Allocate SIZE bytes at byte alignment ALIGN from the stack frame.
   Return the frame offset.  

Referenced by expand_stack_vars().

static bool asan_decl_phase_3 ( )
static
   And helper function that checks for asan phase (with stack protector
   it is phase 3).  This is used as callback for expand_stack_vars.
   Returns true if any of the vars in the partition need to be protected.  

References field_type(), and record_or_union_type_has_array_p().

static void avoid_complex_debug_insns ( )
static
   Ensure INSN_VAR_LOCATION_LOC (insn) doesn't have unbound complexity.
   Allow 4 levels of rtl nesting for most rtl codes, and if we see anything
   deeper than that, create DEBUG_EXPRs and emit DEBUG_INSNs before INSN.  
         Create DEBUG_EXPR (and DEBUG_EXPR_DECL).  
         Emit a debug bind insn before INSN.  

References emit_debug_insn(), gimple_assign_rhs_to_tree(), gimple_debug_bind_p(), gimple_location(), set_curr_insn_location(), update_stmt(), and VAR_INIT_STATUS_INITIALIZED.

static rtx ceil_sdiv_adjust ( )
static
   Return the difference between the ceil and the truncated result of
   a signed division by OP1 with remainder MOD.  
     (mod != 0 ? (op1 / mod > 0 ? 1 : 0) : 0) 

References separate_ops::op2, and tcc_expression.

static rtx ceil_udiv_adjust ( )
static
   Return the difference between the ceil and the truncated result of
   an unsigned division by OP1 with remainder MOD.  
     (mod != 0 ? 1 : 0) 
static void clear_tree_used ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_used_vars.  Walk down through the BLOCK tree
   and clear TREE_USED on all local variables.  
       if (!TREE_STATIC (t) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (t)) 

References stack_protect_decl_phase().

static void construct_exit_block ( )
static
   Create a block containing landing pads and similar stuff.  
     Make sure the locus is set to the end of the function, so that
     epilogue line numbers and warnings are set properly.  
     Generate rtl for function exit.  
     While emitting the function end we could move end of the last basic block.

References targetm.

static basic_block construct_init_block ( )
static
   Create a basic block for initialization code.  
     Multiple entry points not supported yet.  
     When entry edge points to first basic block, we don't need jump,
     otherwise we have to jump into proper target.  
static rtx convert_debug_memory_address ( enum machine_mode  mode,
rtx  x,
addr_space_t  as 
)
static
   Convert X to MODE, that must be Pmode or ptr_mode, without emitting
   any rtl.  
         Don't know how to express ptr_extend as operation in debug info.  

References gen_rtx_MEM(), separate_ops::op0, set_mem_attributes(), and strlen().

static void create_stack_guard ( )
static
   Create a decl for the guard at the top of the stack frame.  
static bool defer_stack_allocation ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_one_var.  VAR is a variable that will be
   allocated to the local stack frame.  Return true if we wish to
   add VAR to STACK_VARS so that it will be coalesced with other
   variables.  Return false to allocate VAR immediately.

   This function is used to reduce the number of variables considered
   for coalescing, which reduces the size of the quadratic problem.  
     If stack protection is enabled, *all* stack variables must be deferred,
     so that we can re-order the strings to the top of the frame.
     Similarly for Address Sanitizer.  
     We handle "large" alignment via dynamic allocation.  We want to handle
     this extra complication in only one place, so defer them.  
     Variables in the outermost scope automatically conflict with
     every other variable.  The only reason to want to defer them
     at all is that, after sorting, we can more efficiently pack
     small variables in the stack frame.  Continue to defer at -O2.  
     Without optimization, *most* variables are allocated from the
     stack, which makes the quadratic problem large exactly when we
     want compilation to proceed as quickly as possible.  On the
     other hand, we don't want the function's stack frame size to
     get completely out of hand.  So we avoid adding scalars and
     "small" aggregates to the list at all.  
static void discover_nonconstant_array_refs ( )
static
   RTL expansion is not able to compile array references with variable
   offsets for arrays stored in single register.  Discover such
   expressions and mark variables as addressable to avoid this
   scenario.  
static tree discover_nonconstant_array_refs_r ( tree tp,
int *  walk_subtrees,
void *  data 
)
static
   Helper function for discover_nonconstant_array_refs.
   Look for ARRAY_REF nodes with non-constant indexes and mark them
   addressable.  

References ssaexpand::partition_to_pseudo, SA, and set_mem_expr().

static void dump_stack_var_partition ( )
static
   A debugging aid for expand_used_vars.  Dump the generated partitions.  
         Skip variables that aren't partition representatives, for now.  
HOST_WIDE_INT estimated_stack_frame_size ( )
   Make a fair guess for the size of the stack frame of the function
   in NODE.  This doesn't have to be exact, the result is only used in
   the inline heuristics.  So we don't want to run the full stack var
   packing algorithm (which is quadratic in the number of stack vars).
   Instead, we calculate the total size of all stack vars.  This turns
   out to be a pretty fair estimate -- packing of stack vars doesn't
   happen very often.  
         Fake sorting the stack vars for account_stack_vars ().  
static void expand_call_stmt ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_gimple_stmt_1, expanding one GIMPLE_CALL
   statement STMT.  
     If this is not a builtin function, the function type through which the
     call is made may be different from the type of the function.  
         TER addresses into arguments of builtin functions so we have a
         chance to infer more correct alignment information.  See PR39954.  
     Ensure RTL is created for debug args.  
static rtx expand_debug_expr ( tree  )
static
static rtx expand_debug_expr ( )
static
   Return an RTX equivalent to the value of the tree expression EXP.  
         Fall through.  
         Fall through.  
         Fall through...  
         This decl was probably optimized away.  
             If op0 is not BLKmode, but BLKmode is, adjust_mode
             below would ICE.  While it is likely a FE bug,
             try to be robust here.  See PR43166.  
         Fall through.  
         FALLTHROUGH 
               (mem (debug_implicit_ptr)) might confuse aliasing.
               Instead just use get_inner_reference.  
               Don't use offset_address here, we don't need a
               recognizable address, and we don't want to generate
               code.  
                 Bitfield.  
               This condition may hold if we're expanding the address
               right past the end of an array that turned out not to
               be addressable (i.e., the address was only computed in
               debug stmts).  The gen_subreg below would rightfully
               crash, and the address doesn't really exist, so just
               drop it.  
         For the rare target where pointers are not the same size as
         size_t, we need to check for mis-matched modes and correct
         the addend.  
                 If OP0 is a partial mode, then we must truncate, even if it has
                 the same bitsize as OP1 as GCC's representation of partial modes
                 is opaque.  
               We always sign-extend, regardless of the signedness of
               the operand, because the operand is always unsigned
               here even if the original C expression is signed.  
         Fall through.  
         ??? Maybe handle some builtins?  
                   If this is a reference to an incoming value of parameter
                   that is never used in the code or where the incoming
                   value is never used in the code, use PARM_DECL's
                   DECL_RTL if set.  
       Vector stuff.  For most of the codes we don't have rtl codes.  
       Misc codes.  
         ??? Similar to the above.  
static void expand_debug_locations ( )
static
   Expand the _LOCs in debug insns.  We run this after expanding all
   regular insns, so that any variables referenced in the function
   will have their DECL_RTLs set.  
     New alias sets while setting up memory attributes cause
     -fcompare-debug failures, even though it doesn't bring about any
     codegen changes.  
static rtx expand_debug_parm_decl ( )
static
   Return an RTX equivalent to the value of the parameter DECL.  
         DECL_INCOMING_RTL uses the INCOMING_REGNO of parameter registers.
         If the target machine has an explicit window save instruction, the
         actual entry value is the corresponding OUTGOING_REGNO instead.  

References separate_ops::op0, simplify_gen_subreg(), simplify_gen_unary(), subreg_lowpart_offset(), and tcc_unary.

static rtx expand_debug_source_expr ( )
static
   Return an RTX equivalent to the source bind value of the tree expression
   EXP.  
           See if this isn't an argument that has been completely
           optimized out.  
static basic_block expand_gimple_basic_block ( )
static
   Expand basic block BB from GIMPLE trees to RTL.  
     Note that since we are now transitioning from GIMPLE to RTL, we
     cannot use the gsi_*_bb() routines because they expect the basic
     block to be in GIMPLE, instead of RTL.  Therefore, we need to
     access the BB sequence directly.  
     Remove the RETURN_EXPR if we may fall though to the exit
     instead.  
         Java emits line number notes in the top of labels.
         ??? Make this go away once line number notes are obsoleted.  
         If this statement is a non-debug one, and we generate debug
         insns, then this one might be the last real use of a TERed
         SSA_NAME, but where there are still some debug uses further
         down.  Expanding the current SSA name in such further debug
         uses by their RHS might lead to wrong debug info, as coalescing
         might make the operands of such RHS be placed into the same
         pseudo as something else.  Like so:
           a_1 = a_0 + 1;   // Assume a_1 is TERed and a_0 is dead
           use(a_1);
           a_2 = ...
           #DEBUG ... => a_1
         As a_0 and a_2 don't overlap in lifetime, assume they are coalesced.
         If we now would expand a_1 by it's RHS (a_0 + 1) in the debug use,
         the write to a_2 would actually have clobbered the place which
         formerly held a_0.

         So, instead of that, we recognize the situation, and generate
         debug temporaries at the last real use of TERed SSA names:
           a_1 = a_0 + 1;
           #DEBUG #D1 => a_1
           use(a_1);
           a_2 = ...
           #DEBUG ... => #D1
             Look for SSA names that have their last use here (TERed
             names always have only one real use).  
                       OP is a TERed SSA name, with DEF it's defining
                       statement, and where OP is used in further debug
                       instructions.  Generate a debug temporary, and
                       replace all uses of OP in debug insns with that
                       temporary.  
         Expand this statement, then evaluate the resulting RTL and
         fixup the CFG accordingly.  
                     We can't dump the insn with a TREE where an RTX
                     is expected.  
                 In order not to generate too many debug temporaries,
                 we delink all uses of debug statements we already expanded.
                 Therefore debug statements between definition and real
                 use of TERed SSA names will continue to use the SSA name,
                 and not be replaced with debug temps.  
                 We can't dump the insn with a TREE where an RTX
                 is expected.  
                     Ignore this stmt if it is in the list of
                     replaceable expressions.  
     Expand implicit goto and convert goto_locus.  
     Expanded RTL can create a jump in the last instruction of block.
     This later might be assumed to be a jump to successor and break edge insertion.
     We need to insert dummy move to prevent this. PR41440. 
     Find the block tail.  The last insn in the block is the insn
     before a barrier and/or table jump insn.  
static basic_block expand_gimple_cond ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_gimple_basic_block.  Expand one GIMPLE_COND.
   Returns a new basic block if we've terminated the current basic
   block and created a new one.  
     We're sometimes presented with such code:
       D.123_1 = x < y;
       if (D.123_1 != 0)
         ...
     This would expand to two comparisons which then later might
     be cleaned up by combine.  But some pattern matchers like if-conversion
     work better when there's only one compare, so make up for this
     here as special exception if TER would have made the same change.  
             If jumps are cheap turn some more codes into
             jumpy sequences.  
     These flags have no purpose in RTL land.  
     We can either have a pure conditional jump with one fallthru edge or
     two-way jump that needs to be decomposed into two basic blocks.  
static rtx expand_gimple_stmt ( )
static
   Expand one gimple statement STMT and return the last RTL instruction
   before any of the newly generated ones.

   In addition to generating the necessary RTL instructions this also
   sets REG_EH_REGION notes if necessary and sets the current source
   location for diagnostics.  
     We need to save and restore the current source location so that errors
     discovered during expansion are emitted with the right location.  But
     it would be better if the diagnostic routines used the source location
     embedded in the tree nodes rather than globals.  
     Free any temporaries used to evaluate this statement.  
     Mark all insns that may trap.  
                 If we want exceptions for non-call insns, any
                 may_trap_p instruction may throw.  
static void expand_gimple_stmt_1 ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_gimple_stmt, expanding one gimple statement
   STMT that doesn't require special handling for outgoing edges.  That
   is no tailcalls and no GIMPLE_COND.  
             If we are not returning the current function's RESULT_DECL,
             build an assignment to it.  
                 I believe that a function's RESULT_DECL is unique.  
                 ??? We'd like to use simply expand_assignment here,
                 but this fails if the value is of BLKmode but the return
                 decl is a register.  expand_return has special handling
                 for this combination, which eventually should move
                 to common code.  See comments there.  Until then, let's
                 build a modify expression :-/  
           Tree expand used to fiddle with |= and &= of two bitfield
           COMPONENT_REFs here.  This can't happen with gimple, the LHS
           of binary assigns must be a gimple reg.  
                 This is a clobber to mark the going out of scope for
                 this LHS.  
                     Fallthru 
                     Fallthru 
               If we want to use a nontemporal store, force the value to
               register first.  If we store into a promoted register,
               don't directly expand to target.  
                   If TEMP is a VOIDmode constant, use convert_modes to make
                   sure that we properly convert it.  
static basic_block expand_gimple_tailcall ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_gimple_basic_block.  Expand one GIMPLE_CALL
   that has CALL_EXPR_TAILCALL set.  Returns non-null if we actually
   generated a tail call (something that might be denied by the ABI
   rules governing the call; see calls.c).

   Sets CAN_FALLTHRU if we generated a *conditional* tail call, and
   can still reach the rest of BB.  The case here is __builtin_sqrt,
   where the NaN result goes through the external function (with a
   tailcall) and the normal result happens via a sqrt instruction.  
     ??? Wouldn't it be better to just reset any pending stack adjust?
     Any instructions emitted here are about to be deleted.  
     Remove any non-eh, non-abnormal edges that don't go to exit.  
     ??? I.e. the fallthrough edge.  HOWEVER!  If there were to be
     EH or abnormal edges, we shouldn't have created a tail call in
     the first place.  So it seems to me we should just be removing
     all edges here, or redirecting the existing fallthru edge to
     the exit block.  
     This is somewhat ugly: the call_expr expander often emits instructions
     after the sibcall (to perform the function return).  These confuse the
     find_many_sub_basic_blocks code, so we need to get rid of these.  
         For instance an sqrt builtin expander expands if with
         sibcall in the then and label for `else`.  

References targetm.

static void expand_one_error_var ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_one_var.  Called to assign rtl to a VAR_DECL that
   has some associated error, e.g. its type is error-mark.  We just need
   to pick something that won't crash the rest of the compiler.  
static void expand_one_hard_reg_var ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_one_var.  Called to assign rtl to a VAR_DECL
   that will reside in a hard register.  
static void expand_one_register_var ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_one_var.  Called to assign rtl to a VAR_DECL
   that will reside in a pseudo register.  
     Note if the object is a user variable.  
static void expand_one_stack_var ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_one_var.  Called to immediately assign rtl
   to a variable to be allocated in the stack frame.  
     We handle highly aligned variables in expand_stack_vars.  
static void expand_one_stack_var_at ( tree  decl,
rtx  base,
unsigned  base_align,
HOST_WIDE_INT  offset 
)
static
   Assign rtl to DECL at BASE + OFFSET.  
     If this fails, we've overflowed the stack frame.  Error nicely?  
         Set alignment we actually gave this decl if it isn't an SSA name.
         If it is we generate stack slots only accidentally so it isn't as
         important, we'll simply use the alignment that is already set.  
         One would think that we could assert that we're not decreasing
         alignment here, but (at least) the i386 port does exactly this
         via the MINIMUM_ALIGNMENT hook.  
static HOST_WIDE_INT expand_one_var ( )
static
@verbatim 

A subroutine of expand_used_vars. Expand one variable according to its flavor. Variables to be placed on the stack are not actually expanded yet, merely recorded. When REALLY_EXPAND is false, only add stack values to be allocated. Return stack usage this variable is supposed to take.

         Because we don't know if VAR will be in register or on stack,
         we conservatively assume it will be on stack even if VAR is
         eventually put into register after RA pass.  For non-automatic
         variables, which won't be on stack, we collect alignment of
         type and ignore user specified alignment.  
           Don't consider debug only variables with DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P set
           or variables which were assigned a stack slot already by
           expand_one_stack_var_at - in the latter case DECL_ALIGN has been
           changed from the offset chosen to it.  
         If the variable alignment is very large we'll dynamicaly allocate
         it, which means that in-frame portion is just a pointer.  
         stack_alignment_estimated shouldn't change after stack
         realign decision made 
     stack_alignment_needed > PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY is permitted.
     So here we only make sure stack_alignment_needed >= align.  
         Reject variables which cover more than half of the address-space.  

Referenced by fini_vars_expansion().

static void expand_stack_alignment ( )
static
   This function sets crtl->args.internal_arg_pointer to a virtual
   register if DRAP is needed.  Local register allocator will replace
   virtual_incoming_args_rtx with the virtual register.  
     Call update_stack_boundary here again to update incoming stack
     boundary.  It may set incoming stack alignment to a different
     value after RTL expansion.  TARGET_FUNCTION_OK_FOR_SIBCALL may
     use the minimum incoming stack alignment to check if it is OK
     to perform sibcall optimization since sibcall optimization will
     only align the outgoing stack to incoming stack boundary.  
     The incoming stack frame has to be aligned at least at
     parm_stack_boundary.  
     Update crtl->stack_alignment_estimated and use it later to align
     stack.  We check PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY if there may be non-call
     exceptions since callgraph doesn't collect incoming stack alignment
     in this case.  
     Target has to redefine TARGET_GET_DRAP_RTX to support stack
     alignment.  
     stack_realign_drap and drap_rtx must match.  
     Do nothing if NULL is returned, which means DRAP is not needed.  
         Call fixup_tail_calls to clean up REG_EQUIV note if DRAP is
         needed. 
static void expand_stack_vars ( bool(*)(size_t)  pred,
struct stack_vars_data data 
)
static
   A subroutine of expand_used_vars.  Give each partition representative
   a unique location within the stack frame.  Update each partition member
   with that location.  
     Determine if there are any variables requiring "large" alignment.
     Since these are dynamically allocated, we only process these if
     no predicate involved.  
         Find the total size of these variables.  
             Stop when we get to the first decl with "small" alignment.  
             Skip variables that aren't partition representatives.  
             Skip variables that have already had rtl assigned.  See also
             add_stack_var where we perpetrate this pc_rtx hack.  
         If there were any, allocate space.  
         Skip variables that aren't partition representatives, for now.  
         Skip variables that have already had rtl assigned.  See also
         add_stack_var where we perpetrate this pc_rtx hack.  
         Check the predicate to see whether this variable should be
         allocated in this pass.  
                 Find best representative of the partition.
                 Prefer those with DECL_NAME, even better
                 satisfying asan_protect_stack_decl predicate.  
             Large alignment is only processed in the last pass.  
         Create rtl for each variable based on their location within the
         partition.  

References alloc_stack_frame_space(), stack_vars_data::asan_decl_vec, asan_protect_stack_decl(), stack_vars_data::asan_vec, stack_var::decl, HOST_WIDE_INT, stack_var::next, and SANITIZE_ADDRESS.

static rtx expand_used_vars ( )
static
   Expand all variables used in the function.  
     Compute the phase of the stack frame for this function.  
     Set TREE_USED on all variables in the local_decls.  
     Clear TREE_USED on all variables associated with a block scope.  
         Assign decls to each SSA name partition, share decls for partitions
         we could have coalesced (those with the same type).  
             This is a PARM_DECL or RESULT_DECL.  For those partitions that
             contain the default def (representing the parm or result itself)
             we don't do anything here.  But those which don't contain the
             default def (representing a temporary based on the parm/result)
             we need to allocate space just like for normal VAR_DECLs.  
             Examine local referenced variables that have their addresses taken,
             contain an array, or are arrays.  
     At this point all variables on the local_decls with TREE_USED
     set are not associated with any block scope.  Lay them out.  
         Expanded above already.  
         We didn't set a block for static or extern because it's hard
         to tell the difference between a global variable (re)declared
         in a local scope, and one that's really declared there to
         begin with.  And it doesn't really matter much, since we're
         not giving them stack space.  Expand them now.  
         If the variable is not associated with any block, then it
         was created by the optimizers, and could be live anywhere
         in the function.  
         Finally, mark all variables on the list as used.  We'll use
         this in a moment when we expand those associated with scopes.  
             Keep artificial non-ignored vars in cfun->local_decls
             chain until instantiate_decls.  
               If rtl isn't set yet, which can happen e.g. with
               -fstack-protector, retry before returning from this
               function.  
     We duplicated some of the decls in CFUN->LOCAL_DECLS.

     +-----------------+-----------------+
     | ...processed... | ...duplicates...|
     +-----------------+-----------------+
                       ^
                       +-- LEN points here.

     We just want the duplicates, as those are the artificial
     non-ignored vars that we want to keep until instantiate_decls.
     Move them down and truncate the array.  
     At this point, all variables within the block tree with TREE_USED
     set are actually used by the optimized function.  Lay them out.  
         If stack protection is enabled, we don't share space between
         vulnerable data and non-vulnerable data.  
         Now that we have collected all stack variables, and have computed a
         minimal interference graph, attempt to save some stack space.  
     Assign rtl to each variable based on these partitions.  
         Reorder decls to be protected by iterating over the variables
         array multiple times, and allocating out of each phase in turn.  
         ??? We could probably integrate this into the qsort we did
         earlier, such that we naturally see these variables first,
         and thus naturally allocate things in the right order.  
             Phase 1 contains only character arrays.  
             Phase 2 contains other kinds of arrays.  
           Phase 3, any partitions that need asan protection
           in addition to phase 1 and 2.  
     If there were any artificial non-ignored vars without rtl
     found earlier, see if deferred stack allocation hasn't assigned
     rtl to them.  
         Keep artificial non-ignored vars in cfun->local_decls
         chain until instantiate_decls.  
     If the target requires that FRAME_OFFSET be aligned, do it.  
static void expand_used_vars_for_block ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_used_vars.  Walk down through the BLOCK tree
   expanding variables.  Those variables that can be put into registers
   are allocated pseudos; those that can't are put on the stack.

   TOPLEVEL is true if this is the outermost BLOCK.  
     Expand all variables at this level.  
     Expand all variables at containing levels.  
static void fini_vars_expansion ( )
static
   Free up stack variable graph data.  

References expand_one_var(), ssaexpand::partition_to_pseudo, and SA.

static rtx floor_sdiv_adjust ( )
static
   Return the difference between the floor and the truncated result of
   a signed division by OP1 with remainder MOD.  
     (mod != 0 ? (op1 / mod < 0 ? -1 : 0) : 0) 
tree gimple_assign_rhs_to_tree ( )
   Return an expression tree corresponding to the RHS of GIMPLE
   statement STMT.  
         Avoid modifying this tree in place below.  

Referenced by avoid_complex_debug_insns().

static unsigned int gimple_expand_cfg ( )
static
   Translate the intermediate representation contained in the CFG
   from GIMPLE trees to RTL.

   We do conversion per basic block and preserve/update the tree CFG.
   This implies we have to do some magic as the CFG can simultaneously
   consist of basic blocks containing RTL and GIMPLE trees.  This can
   confuse the CFG hooks, so be careful to not manipulate CFG during
   the expansion.  
     Make sure all values used by the optimization passes have sane
     defaults.  
     Some backends want to know that we are expanding to RTL.  
     Dominators are not kept up-to-date as we may create new basic-blocks.  
         Eventually, all FEs should explicitly set function_start_locus.  
     Make sure first insn is a note even if we don't want linenums.
     This makes sure the first insn will never be deleted.
     Also, final expects a note to appear there.  
     Mark arrays indexed with non-constant indices with TREE_ADDRESSABLE.  
     Resovle the function section.  Some targets, like ARM EABI rely on knowledge
     of the function section at exapnsion time to predict distance of calls.  
     Expand the variables recorded during gimple lowering.  
     Honor stack protection warnings.  
     Set up parameters and prepare for return, for the function.  
     If we emitted any instructions for setting up the variables,
     emit them before the FUNCTION_START note.  
         In expand_function_end we'll insert the alloca save/restore
         before parm_birth_insn.  We've just insertted an alloca call.
         Adjust the pointer to match.  
     Now that we also have the parameter RTXs, copy them over to our
     partitions.  
         If this decl was marked as living in multiple places, reset
         this now to NULL.  
         Some RTL parts really want to look at DECL_RTL(x) when x
         was a decl marked in REG_ATTR or MEM_ATTR.  We could use
         SET_DECL_RTL here making this available, but that would mean
         to select one of the potentially many RTLs for one DECL.  Instead
         of doing that we simply reset the MEM_EXPR of the RTL in question,
         then nobody can get at it and hence nobody can call DECL_RTL on it.  
     If we have a class containing differently aligned pointers
     we need to merge those into the corresponding RTL pointer
     alignment.  
             We might have generated new SSA names in
             update_alias_info_with_stack_vars.  They will have a NULL
             defining statements, and won't be part of the partitioning,
             so ignore those.  
         Adjust all partition members to get the underlying decl of
         the representative which we might have created in expand_one_var.  
     If this function is `main', emit a call to `__main'
     to run global initializers, etc.  
     Initialize the stack_protect_guard field.  This must happen after the
     call to __main (if any) so that the external decl is initialized.  
     Register rtl specific functions for cfg.  
     Clear EDGE_EXECUTABLE on the entry edge(s).  It is cleaned from the
     remaining edges later.  
     Free stuff we no longer need after GIMPLE optimizations.  
     We are no longer in SSA form.  
     Expansion is used by optimization passes too, set maybe_hot_insn_p
     conservatively to true until they are all profile aware.  
     Zap the tree EH table.  
     We need JUMP_LABEL be set in order to redirect jumps, and hence
     split edges which edge insertions might do.  
                 Put insns after parm birth, but before
                 NOTE_INSNS_FUNCTION_BEG.  
     We're done expanding trees to RTL.  
             Clear EDGE_EXECUTABLE.  This flag is never used in the backend.  
             At the moment not all abnormal edges match the RTL
             representation.  It is safe to remove them here as
             find_many_sub_basic_blocks will rediscover them.
             In the future we should get this fixed properly.  
     Fixup REG_EQUIV notes in the prologue if there are tailcalls in this
     function.  
     After initial rtl generation, call back to finish generating
     exception support code.  We need to do this before cleaning up
     the CFG as the code does not expect dead landing pads.  
     Remove unreachable blocks, otherwise we cannot compute dominators
     which are needed for loop state verification.  As a side-effect
     this also compacts blocks.
     ???  We cannot remove trivially dead insns here as for example
     the DRAP reg on i?86 is not magically live at this point.
     gcc.c-torture/execute/ipa-sra-2.c execution, -Os -m32 fails otherwise.  
     Initialize pseudos allocated for hard registers.  
     And finally unshare all RTL.  
     There's no need to defer outputting this function any more; we
     know we want to output it.  
     Now that we're done expanding trees to RTL, we shouldn't have any
     more CONCATs anywhere.  
         And the pass manager will dump RTL for us.  
     If we're emitting a nested function, make sure its parent gets
     emitted as well.  Doing otherwise confuses debug info.  
     We are now committed to emitting code for this function.  Do any
     preparation, such as emitting abstract debug info for the inline
     before it gets mangled by optimization.  
     After expanding, the return labels are no longer needed. 
     After expanding, the tm_restart map is no longer needed.  
     Tag the blocks with a depth number so that change_scope can find
     the common parent easily.  

References ei_next(), ei_safe_edge(), edge_def::flags, and remove_edge().

static void init_vars_expansion ( )
static
   Prepare for expanding variables.  
     Conflict bitmaps, and a few related temporary bitmaps, go here.  
     A map from decl to stack partition.  
     Initialize local stack smashing state.  
static rtx label_rtx_for_bb ( )
static
   Returns the label_rtx expression for a label starting basic block BB.  
     Find the tree label if it is present.  
rtl_opt_pass* make_pass_expand ( )
static void mark_transaction_restart_calls ( )
static
   Mark all calls that can have a transaction restart.  
static void maybe_cleanup_end_of_block ( )
static
   A subroutine of expand_gimple_cond.  Given E, a fallthrough edge
   of a basic block where we just expanded the conditional at the end,
   possibly clean up the CFG and instruction sequence.  LAST is the
   last instruction before the just emitted jump sequence.  
     Special case: when jumpif decides that the condition is
     trivial it emits an unconditional jump (and the necessary
     barrier).  But we still have two edges, the fallthru one is
     wrong.  purge_dead_edges would clean this up later.  Unfortunately
     we have to insert insns (and split edges) before
     find_many_sub_basic_blocks and hence before purge_dead_edges.
     But splitting edges might create new blocks which depend on the
     fact that if there are two edges there's no barrier.  So the
     barrier would get lost and verify_flow_info would ICE.  Instead
     of auditing all edge splitters to care for the barrier (which
     normally isn't there in a cleaned CFG), fix it here.  
         Now, we have a single successor block, if we have insns to
         insert on the remaining edge we potentially will insert
         it at the end of this block (if the dest block isn't feasible)
         in order to avoid splitting the edge.  This insertion will take
         place in front of the last jump.  But we might have emitted
         multiple jumps (conditional and one unconditional) to the
         same destination.  Inserting in front of the last one then
         is a problem.  See PR 40021.  We fix this by deleting all
         jumps except the last unconditional one.  
         Make sure we have an unconditional jump.  Otherwise we're
         confused.  
static void maybe_dump_rtl_for_gimple_stmt ( )
static
   If we need to produce a detailed dump, print the tree representation
   for STMT to the dump file.  SINCE is the last RTX after which the RTL
   generated for STMT should have been appended.  

References gimple_assign_rhs1(), and gimple_assign_rhs2().

static void partition_stack_vars ( )
static
@verbatim 

A subroutine of expand_used_vars. Binpack the variables into partitions constrained by the interference graph. The overall algorithm used is as follows:

 Sort the objects by size in descending order.
 For each object A {
   S = size(A)
   O = 0
   loop {
     Look for the largest non-conflicting object B with size <= S.
     UNION (A, B)
   }
 }
         Ignore objects that aren't partition representatives. If we
         see a var that is not a partition representative, it must
         have been merged earlier.  
             Ignore objects that aren't partition representatives.  
             Do not mix objects of "small" (supported) alignment
             and "large" (unsupported) alignment.  
             For Address Sanitizer do not mix objects with different
             sizes, as the shorter vars wouldn't be adequately protected.
             Don't do that for "large" (unsupported) alignment objects,
             those aren't protected anyway.  
             Ignore conflicting objects.  
             UNION the objects, placing J at OFFSET.  

References dump_file, dump_flags, HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC, stack_var::next, print_generic_expr(), si, and stack_vars_num.

static int record_or_union_type_has_array_p ( )
static
   Helper routine to check if a record or union contains an array field. 

Referenced by asan_decl_phase_3().

static rtx round_sdiv_adjust ( )
static
   Return the difference between the rounded and the truncated result
   of a signed division by OP1 with remainder MOD.  Halfway cases are
   rounded away from zero, rather than to the nearest even number.  
     (abs (mod) >= abs (op1) - abs (mod)
      ? (op1 / mod > 0 ? 1 : -1)
      : 0) 
static rtx round_udiv_adjust ( )
static
   Return the difference between the rounded and the truncated result
   of a unsigned division by OP1 with remainder MOD.  Halfway cases
   are rounded away from zero, rather than to the nearest even
   number.  
     (mod >= op1 - mod ? 1 : 0) 
static void set_block_levels ( )
static
   For each lexical block, set BLOCK_NUMBER to the depth at which it is
   found in the block tree.  
static void set_rtl ( )
inlinestatic
   Associate declaration T with storage space X.  If T is no
   SSA name this is exactly SET_DECL_RTL, otherwise make the
   partition of T associated with X.  
         For the benefit of debug information at -O0 (where vartracking
         doesn't run) record the place also in the base DECL if it's
         a normal variable (not a parameter).  
             If we don't yet have something recorded, just record it now.  
             If we have it set already to "multiple places" don't
             change this.  
             If we have something recorded and it's not the same place
             as we want to record now, we have multiple partitions for the
             same base variable, with different places.  We can't just
             randomly chose one, hence we have to say that we don't know.
             This only happens with optimization, and there var-tracking
             will figure out the right thing.  
static unsigned int stack_protect_classify_type ( )
static
static int stack_protect_decl_phase ( )
static
   Return nonzero if DECL should be segregated into the "vulnerable" upper
   part of the local stack frame.  Remember if we ever return nonzero for
   any variable in this function.  The return value is the phase number in
   which the variable should be allocated.  

Referenced by clear_tree_used(), and stack_protect_classify_type().

static bool stack_protect_decl_phase_1 ( )
static
   Two helper routines that check for phase 1 and phase 2.  These are used
   as callbacks for expand_stack_vars.  
static bool stack_protect_decl_phase_2 ( )
static
static int stack_var_cmp ( )
static
   A subroutine of partition_stack_vars.  A comparison function for qsort,
   sorting an array of indices by the properties of the object.  
     Primary compare on "large" alignment.  Large comes first.  
     Secondary compare on size, decreasing  
     Tertiary compare on true alignment, decreasing.  
     Final compare on ID for sort stability, increasing.
     Two SSA names are compared by their version, SSA names come before
     non-SSA names, and two normal decls are compared by their DECL_UID.  
static bool stack_var_conflict_p ( )
static
   Check whether the decls associated with luid's X and Y conflict.  
     Partitions containing an SSA name result from gimple registers
     with things like unsupported modes.  They are top-level and
     hence conflict with everything else.  

Referenced by union_stack_vars().

static void union_stack_vars ( )
static
   A subroutine of partition_stack_vars.  The UNION portion of a UNION/FIND
   partitioning algorithm.  Partitions A and B are known to be non-conflicting.
   Merge them into a single partition A.  
      Add B to A's partition.  
     Update the required alignment of partition A to account for B.  
     Update the interference graph and merge the conflicts.  

References stack_var::alignb, HOST_WIDE_INT, SANITIZE_ADDRESS, stack_var::size, and stack_var_conflict_p().

static void update_alias_info_with_stack_vars ( )
static
   Update points-to sets based on partition info, so we can use them on RTL.
   The bitmaps representing stack partitions will be saved until expand,
   where partitioned decls used as bases in memory expressions will be
   rewritten.  
         Not interested in partitions with single variable.  
         Create an SSA_NAME that points to the partition for use
         as base during alias-oracle queries on RTL for bases that
         have been partitioned.  
         Create bitmaps representing partitions.  They will be used for
         points-to sets later, so use GGC alloc.  
         Make the SSA name point to all partition members.  
     Make all points-to sets that contain one member of a partition
     contain all members of the partition.  

References add_partitioned_vars_to_ptset(), cfun, gimple_df::escaped, function::gimple_df, pointer_map_destroy(), pointer_set_create(), pointer_set_destroy(), and ptr_info_def::pt.

static bool visit_conflict ( )
static
   Callback for walk_stmt_ops.  If OP is a decl touched by add_stack_var
   record conflicts between it and all currently active other partitions
   from bitmap DATA.  

Referenced by add_scope_conflicts_1().

static bool visit_op ( )
static
   Callback for walk_stmt_ops.  If OP is a decl touched by add_stack_var
   enter its partition number into bitmap DATA.  

Variable Documentation

gimple currently_expanding_gimple_stmt
   This variable holds the currently expanded gimple statement for purposes
   of comminucating the profile info to the builtin expanders.  
struct pointer_map_t* decl_to_stack_part
static
int frame_phase
static
   The phase of the stack frame.  This is the known misalignment of
   virtual_stack_vars_rtx from PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY.  That is,
   (frame_offset+frame_phase) % PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY == 0.  

Referenced by align_local_variable(), and get_stack_local_alignment().

bool has_protected_decls
static
   Used during expand_used_vars to remember if we saw any decls for
   which we'd like to enable stack smashing protection.  
bool has_short_buffer
static
   Used during expand_used_vars.  Remember if we say a character buffer
   smaller than our cutoff threshold.  Used for -Wstack-protector.  
struct pointer_map_t* lab_rtx_for_bb
static
   Maps the blocks that do not contain tree labels to rtx labels.  
struct ssaexpand SA
@verbatim 

A pass for lowering trees to RTL. Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

   This variable holds information helping the rewriting of SSA trees
   into RTL.  

Referenced by discover_nonconstant_array_refs_r(), fini_vars_expansion(), get_rtx_for_ssa_name(), and insert_rtx_to_part_on_edge().

bitmap_obstack stack_var_bitmap_obstack
static
   Conflict bitmaps go on this obstack.  This allows us to destroy
   all of them in one big sweep.  
struct stack_var* stack_vars
static
   We have an array of such objects while deciding allocation.  
size_t stack_vars_alloc
static
size_t stack_vars_num
static
size_t* stack_vars_sorted
static
   An array of indices such that stack_vars[stack_vars_sorted[i]].size
   is non-decreasing.